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Generally it is the physical layer through which data is transmitted from one computer to the other. Wires are attached to the physical layer. For example if we have to transmit the letter b, the ASCII CODE is 98. We will convert it into binary, i.e. 1 multiply by 2 power 6 + 1 multiply by 2 power 5 + 0 multiply by 2 power 4 + 0 multiply by 2 power 3 + 0 multiply by 2 power 2 + 1 multiply by 2 power 1 + 0 multiply by 2 power 0. It comes out to be 1100010. Since we need 8 bits we will add one 0 in the beginning i.e. 01100010. If taken in binary form it is 01100010. Now 0 and 1 will be transmitted to the other computer. 0 and 1 i.e. the digital signal is converted into an electrical sinusoidal signal by a Fourier series and is sent to the other computer through cables. See my research note below for a computation of the Fourier series of the step function shown below.
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Prof. Ashay Dharwadker